Ap Biology Reading Guide Chapter 51 Animal Behavior Answers

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AP Bio Chapter 51

Behavioral Ecology

Question	Answer
Behavioral Ecology	Study of animal behavior
Behavior	Everything an animal does and how it does it (a series of responses to changes in stimuli)
Proximate Questions	"How" questions such as what stimuli impact the behavior or the anatomy and physiology behind the action
"Does the day length trigger courtship behaviors?"	Proximate Question
Ultimate Questions	"Why" questions, how the behavior is adaptive
"Why court at this time?"	Ultimate Question
Ethology	Study of behavior in nature
What is the evolutionary history?	Ultimate question
How does it aid survival and reproduction?	Ultimate question
Fixed Action Patterns	Instinctual behavior initiated by a sign stimulus and generally carried to completion once initiated
Greyleg Goose	Fixed action pattern
Three-spined Stickleback	Fixed action pattern- attacks those with red bellies
Imprinting	Forming a bond during a critical period
Innate Behavior	Essentially constant for a species, strong genetic component
Signal	Behavior that elicits a change in another
Communication	Transmission, receptions, and response to a signal
Kinesis	Simple change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus
Taxis	Automatic, oriented movement toward or away from some stimulus
Trout	Positive rheotaxis
Learning	Modifying behavior through experience
Habituation	Learning to ignore irrelevant stimuli
Spatial Learning	Advanced learning with those aware of an environments spacial structure
Tinbergen's digger wasps	Use landmarks- location indicators
Cognitive Maps	Not only learning landmarks but the relationships between objects to reduce the amount of detail needed to relocate an item
Clark's nutcrackers	Cognitive maps
Associative Learning	Pairing one one stimulus with another
Classical conditioning	Pairing an insignificant stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus until a connection is made and it becomes a conditioned stimulus
Pavlov's Dogs	Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning	Pairing behavior with reward or punishment
Skinner's rats	Operant conditioning
Tic-Tac-Toe Chickens	Operant conditioning
Cognition	Ability to pick up information and process it
Cognitive Ethology	Examines connection between an animal's nervous system and it's behavior
Optimal foraging strategy	Optimizing nutrition while minimizing obtaining costs
Intrasexual Production	Members of one sex selecting males based on trait of the other sex
Agnostic behavior	Often reutilized contest/fight for resources
Nash's Game Theory	Evaluating strategies where you must consider what strategies others are using
Side-blotched Lizards	Game theory
Rock-paper-scissors	Game theory
Altruism	Acting in a way that benefits others
Prairie dog warnings	Altruism
Inclusive Fitness	Aiding those closely relating to you so that the genes you share can increase in the populations
Kin Selection	Enhancing reproductive success of relatives
Reciprocal Altruism	"I'll help you if you help me" in social groups
Social Learning	Learning from others
Culture	Information transfer via social learning or teaching
Mate choice copying	Selecting a mate based on other females preferences
Sociobiology	How has human behavior been shaped by natural selection
Pavlov	Classical conditioning
BF Skinner	Operant conditioning
Wilson	Sociobiology
Tingergen	Wasps and Sickleback fish
Lorenz	Imprinting
Sign Stimulus	Trigger fixed-action patterns
Receptors	Prairie Vole Monogamy
Sexual Behavior	Cooperation, Communication, Diminish ni aggression
Balanced polymorphism	Marine Isopods

Ap Biology Reading Guide Chapter 51 Animal Behavior Answers

Source: https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-711584

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